Publications

LIST of publications as of 5th March 2025

Heli Harvala MD, PhD, FRCPath, EUPHEM alumni

 Publications

  • 120 original peer-reviewed publications
  • 14 review archives published in international refereed journals
  • 9 book chapters
  • 2 theses
  • 3 scientific communications

Citations

  • h-index = 49
  • i10-index = 92        
  • 9,612 citations

A PEER-REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

A1 RESEARCH ARTICLES

  1. Fu MX, Elsharkawy A, Healy B, Jackson C, Bradshaw D, Watkins E, Ushiro-Lumb I, Griffiths J, Neuberger J, Maguire K, Desai M, McDougall N, Priddee N, Barclay ST, Blackmore S, Simmonds P, Irving WL, Harvala H. Occult hepatitis B virus infection: risk for a blood supply, but how about individuals’ health? EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Feb 1;81:103095. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103095.
  2. Harvala H, Davison K, Webster M, Reynolds C, Taylor GP. HTLV screening of blood donations in England between 2002 and 2021 – Comparison of screening strategies. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 3. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf053.
  3. Nurmi V, Mayne R, Knight C, Almonacid-Mendoza HL, Secret S, Estcourt L, Hepojoki J, Šuštić T, Lamikanra AA, Tsang HP, Menon DK, Shankar-Hari M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G, Roberts DJ, Simmonds P, Hedman K, Harvala H. Individual patient and donor seroprofiles in convalescent plasma treatment of COVID-19 in REMAP-CAP clinical trial. J Infect. 2025 Jan 9:106412. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106412.
  4. Kamau E, Lambert B, Allen DJ, Celma C, Beard S, Harvala H, Simmonds P, Grassly NC, Pons-Salort M. Enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A6 circulation in England, UK, 2006-2017: A mathematical modelling study using cross-sectional seroprevalence data. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Nov 20;20(11):e1012703
  5. Fischer TK, Johannesen CK, Benschop KSM, Berginc N, Saxentoff EV, Huseynov S, Hagan JE, Harvala H. Poliovirus circulation in the WHO European region, 2015-2022: a review of data from WHO’s three core poliovirus surveillance systems. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2024 Oct 19;47:101104.
  6. Verbrugghe C, Wouters E, Devloo R, Nurmi V, Seghers S, De Bleser D, Harvala H, Compernolle V, Feys HB. Biochemical rationale for transfusion of high titre COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 9;14(1):23579.
  7. Fu MX, Simmonds P, Harvala H. A need for confirmatory testing of isolated HBcAb-positive results in screening programs.  Hepatol Commun. 2024 Oct 3;8(10):e0554.
  8. Mayne R, Secret S, Geoghegan C, Trebes A, Kean K, Reid K, Lin GL, Ansari MA, de Cesare M, Bonsall D, Elliott I, Piazza P, Brown A, Bray J, Knight JC, Harvala H, Breuer J, Simmonds P, Bowden RJ, Golubchik T. Castanet: a pipeline for rapid analysis of targeted multi-pathogen genomic data.  Bioinformatics. 2024 Oct 1;40(10):btae591.
  9. Fu MX, Faddy HM, Candotti D, Groves J, Saa P, Styles C, Adesina O, Carrillo JP, Seltsam A, Weber-Schehl M, O’Brien SF, Drews SJ, Aidoo NB, Pajares ÁL, Perez LN, Deng X, van de Laar T, Laperche S, Lehtisalo R, Yilmaz S, Tsoi WC, Juhl D, Niederhauser C, Chenarsabz N, O’Flaherty N, Goto N, Satake M, Renaud C, Lewin A, Cloutier M, Sawadogo S, Reynolds C, Zhiburt E, Muylaert A, Van Gaever V, Garcia-Otalora MA, Jarvis L, Vermeulen M, Busch M, Blackmore S, Jones A, Brailsford S, Irving WL, Andersson M, Simmonds P, Harvala H; Virology subgroup of the ISBT WP‐TTID. International review of blood donation screening for anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection. Transfusion. 2024 Nov;64(11):2144-2156.
  10. Mosavie M, Rynne J, Fish M, Smith P, Jennings A, Singh S, Millar J, Harvala H, Mora A, Kaloyirou F, Griffiths A, Hopkins V, Washington C, Estcourt LJ, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M. Changes in Phenotypic and Molecular Features of Naïve and Central Memory T Helper Cell Subsets following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Sep 11;12(9):1040.
  11. Couderé K, Benschop KSM, Koen G, van Eijk H, Harvala H, Bailly JL, Bessaud M, Kamau E, Simon I, Joffret ML, Nikolaeva-Glomb L, Georgieva I, Stoyanova A, Diedrich S, Böttcher S, Cabrerizo M, Tabain I, Hruškar Ž, Stevanović V, Susi P, Hietanen E, Palminha P, Rainetová P, Baicus A, Kristensen M, Pajkrt D, Murk JL, Wolthers KC, European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Assessment of twelve echovirus virus-neutralisation assays in Europe: recommendations for harmonisation of non-polio enterovirus sero-surveillance studies.  J Gen Virol. 2024 Sep;105(9). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001986.
  12. Buddle S, Forrest L, Akinsuyi N, Martin Bernal LM, Brooks T, Venturini C, Miller C, Brown JR, Storey N, Atkinson L, Best T, Roy S, Goldsworthy S, Castellano S, Simmonds P, Harvala H, Golubchik T, Williams R, Breuer J, Morfopoulou S, Torres Montaguth OE. Evaluating metagenomics and targeted approaches for diagnosis and surveillance of viruses. Genome Med. 2024 Sep 9;16(1):111.
  13. Kadambari S, Harvala H, Nguyen D, Sadarangani M, Martin NG, Al-Rawahi GN, Sekirov I, Defres S, Solomon T, Golubchik T, Bowden R, Pollard AJ, Simmonds P. 2024. Characterising the molecular epidemiology of human parechovirus in young infants in the UK and Canada. J Clin Virol. Jul 24;174:105715.
  14. McClure CP, Kean K, Reid K, Mayne R, Fu MX, Rajendra P, Gates S, Breuer J, Harvala H, Golubchik T, Tarr AW, Irving WL, Makris M, Simmonds P. 2024. Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood-borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974-1992. J Med Virol. 2024 Jul;96(7): e29774
  15. Fischer TK, Johannesen CK, Berginc N, Bailly JL, Benschop K, Harvala H. 2024. Why is polio still a concern, also in Europe? Lancet Reg Health Eur. Jun 25;43:100988.
  16. Simoes MP, Hodcroft EB, Simmonds P, ….., Fischer T, Harvala H, Benschop K. 2024. Epidemiological and clinical insights into the enterovirus D68 upsurge in Europe 2021/22 and the emergence of novel B3-derived lineages, ENPEN multicentre study. J Infect Dis. Mar 28:jiae154. doi: 10.1093/indies/jiae154.
  17. Fu M, Ingram J, Roberts C, Nurmi V, Watkins E, Dempsey N, Golubchik T, Breuer J, Brailsford S, Irving W, Andersson M, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2024. Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: the importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups. Vox Sanguinis.  Feb 28. doi: 10.1111/vox.13608.
  18. Faddy H, Osiowy C, Custer B, Busch M., et al., including Harvala H. 2024. Viral nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) characteristics and confirmatory testing of NAT-yield sample: an international review. Vox Sanguinis. Apr;119(4):315-325.
  19. Bubba L, Broberg EK, Fischer TK, Simmonds P, Harvala H; European Non-polio Enterovirus Network working group. 2024. Parechovirus A Circulation and Testing Capacities in Europe, 2015-2021. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Feb;30(2):234-244.
  20. Kamau E, Bessaud M, Majumdar M, Martin J, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2023. Estimating prevalence of Enterovirus D111 in human and non-human primate populations using cross-sectional serology. Journal of General Virology. Nov;104(11):001915.
  21. Bubba L, Benschop KSM, Blomqvist S, Duizer E, Martin J, Shaw AG, Bailly JL, Rasmussen LD, Baicus A, Fischer TK, Harvala H. 2023. Wastewater Surveillance in Europe for Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Beyond. Microorganisms. Oct 5;11(10):2496.
  22. Gates S, Ijaz S, Baklan H, Washington C, Brailsford S, Zambon M, Harvala H. 2023. Investigating Blood Donors With Postdonation Respiratory Tract Symptoms During the Wild-Type, Delta, and Omicron Waves of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in England. Open Forum Infect Dis. Oct 5;10(10):ofad499.
  23. Fu MX, Simmonds P, Andreani J, Baklan H, Webster M, Asadi R, Golubchik T, Breuer J, Ijaz S, Ushiro-Lumb I, Brailsford S, Irving WL, Andersson M, Harvala H. 2023. Ultrasensitive PCR system for HBV DNA detection: Risk stratification for occult hepatitis B virus infection in English blood donors. Journal of Medical Virology. Oct;95(10):e29144.
  24. Rosadas C, Harvala H, Davison K, Taylor GP. 2023. HTLV-1 screening of blood donations: We are systematically missing opportunities. Br J Haematoly Sep;202(6):1220-1223.
  25. Gates S, Andreani J, Dewar R, Smith DB, Templeton K, Child HT, Breuer J, Golubchik T, Bassano I, Wade MJ, Jeffries AR, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2023. Post-pandemic rebound of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infections temporally associated with an outbreak of unexplained severe acute hepatitis in children in the UK. Journal of Medical Virology. Jul:95(7):e28921.
  26. Pons-Salort M, Lambert B, Kamau E, Pebody R, Harvala H, Simmonds P, Grassly NC. 2023. Changes in transmission of Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in England inferred from seroprevalence data. eLife. Jun 9;12:e76609.
  27. Steenhuis M, Wouters E, Schrezenmeier H, Rispens T, Tiberghien P, Harvala H, Feys HB, van der Schoot EC, SUPPORT-E collaborators. 2023. Quality Assessment and Harmonization of Laboratories across Europe for Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays. Vox Sanguinis. Aug:118(8):666-673.
  28. van der Klaauw AA, Horner EC, Pereyra-Gerber P, Agrawal U, Foster WS, Spencer S, Vergese B, Smith M, Henning E, Ramsay ID, Smith JA, Guillaume SM, Sharpe HJ, Hay IM, Thompson S, Innocentin S, Booth LH, Robertson C, McCowan C, Kerr S, Mulroney TE, O’Reilly MJ, Gurugama TP, Gurugama LP, Rust MA, Ferreira A, Ebrahimi S, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Scotucci J, Kronsteiner B, Dunachie SJ, Klenerman P; PITCH Consortium; Park AJ, Rubino F, Lamikanra AA, Stark H, Kingston N, Estcourt L, Harvala H, Roberts DJ, Doffinger R, Linterman MA, Matheson NJ, Sheikh A, Farooqi IS, Thaventhiran JED. 2023 Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity. Nature Medicine. May;29(5):1146-1154.
  29. Desmarets M, Hoffmann S, Vauchy C, Rijnders BJA, Toussirot E, Durrbach A, Körper S, Schrezenmeier E, van der Schoot CE, Harvala H, Brunotte G, Appl T, Seifried E, Tiberghien P, Bradshaw D, Roberts DJ, Estcourt LJ, Schrezenmeier H. 2023. Early, very high-titre convalescent plasma therapy in clinically vulnerable individuals with mild COVID-19 (COVIC-19): protocol for a randomised, open-label trial. BMJ Open. Apr 27;13(4):e071277.
  30. Nurmi V, Knight C, Estcourt L, Hepojoki J, Lamikanra AA, Tsang HP, Roberts DJ, Polack FP, Simmonds P, Hedman K, Alvarez-Paggi D, Harvala H. 2023. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody titres and avidity in plasma collected from convalescent non-vaccinated and vaccinated blood donors. J Infect Dis. 27:jiad070.
  31. Maddox V, Reynolds C, Amara A, Else L, Brailsford SR, Khoo S, Harvala H. 2023. Undeclared pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) use among syphilis-positive blood donors, England, 2020 to 2021. Eurosurveillance. 28(11):2300135.
  32. Knight C, Andreani J, Garrett N, Winter M, Golubchik T, Breuer J, Reynolds C, Brailsford SR, Harvala H, Simmonds P. 2023. Absence of detectable monkeypox virus DNA in 11,000 English blood donations during the 2022 outbreak. Transfusion. 63(4):690-695.
  33. Fish M, Rynne J, Jennings A, Lam C, Lamikanra AA, Ratcliff J, Cellone-Trevelin S, Timms E, Jiriha J, Tosi I, Pramanik R, Simmonds P, Seth S, Williams J, Gordon AC, Knight J, Smith DJ, Whalley J, Harrison D, Rowan K, Harvala H, Klenerman P, Estcourt L, Menon DK, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M; REMAP-CAP Immunoglobulin Domain UK Investigators. 2022. Coronavirus disease 2019 subphenotypes and differential treatment response to convalescent plasma in critically ill adults: secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 48(11):1525-1538.
  34. Harvala H, Reynolds C, Brailsford S, Davison K. 2022. Fulminant Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis E Virus Infection Despite Screening, England, 2016-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 28(9):1805-1813.
  35. Williams S, Ratcliff J, Nguyen D, Simmonds P, Harvala H; International Survey Group. 2022. Detection frequencies and viral load distribution of parvovirus B19 DNA in blood and plasma donations in England. Transfus Med 32(5):402-409.
  36. Reynolds C, Yawitch T, Hewitt PE, Harvala H. 2022. Blood donor notification of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk: Lessons in communicating donor deferral and risk. Transfus Med Jun 24, 2022. doi: 10.1111/tme.12891.
  37. Harvala H, Nguyen D, Simmonds P, Lamikanra AA, Tsang HP, Otter A, Maes P, Webster M, Clarkson A, Kaloyirou F, Hopkins V, Laidlaw SM, Carroll M, Mora A, Griffiths A, MacLennan S, Estcourt L, Roberts DJ. 2022. Convalescent plasma donors show enhanced cross-reactive neutralising antibody response to antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2 following immunisation. Transfusion 62:1347-1354.
  38. Mehew J, Johnson R, Roberts D, Griffiths A, Harvala H. 2022. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: Donor demographic factors associated high neutralising antibody titres. Transfus Med Apr 17, 2022. doi: 10.1111/tme.12868.
  39. Ertesvåg NU, Xiao J, Zhou F, Ljostveit S, Sandnes H, Lartey S, Savik M, Hansen L, Madsen A, Mohn KGI, Fjelltveit E, Olofsson JS, Tan TK, Rijal P, Schimanksi L, Oyen S, Brokstad KA, Dunachie S, Jamsen A, James WA, Harding AC, Harvala H, Nguyen D, Roberts D, Zambon M, Townsend A, Langeland N, Cox RJ. 2022. A rapid antibody screening haemagglutination test for predicting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Communications Medicine 2: 36.
  40. Millat-Martinex P et al., with CoV-Early study group; COnV-ert study group. 2022. Prospective individual patient data meta-analysis of two randomised trials on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 outpatients. Nature Communications 13:2583.
  41. Harvala H, Reynolds C, Ijaz S, Maddox V, Penchala SD, Amara A, Else L, Brailsford S, Khoo S. 2022. Evidence of HIV pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) among blood donors: a pilot study, England June 2018 to July 2019. Sex Transm Infect 98(2):132-135.
  42. Ratcliff J, Al-Beidh F, Bibi S, Bonsall D, Costa Clemens SA, Estcourt L, Evans A, Fish M, Folegatti PM, Gordon AC, Jay C, Jennings A, Laing E, Lambe T, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Menon D, Mouncey PR, Nguyen D, Pollard AJ, Ramasamy MN, Roberts DJ, Rowan KM, Rynne J, Shankar-Hari M, Williams S, Harvala H, Golubchik T, Simmonds P. 2022. Highly Sensitive Lineage Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Variants through Allele-Specific Probe PCR. J Clin Microbiol 60(4):e0228321.
  43. Otter AD, Bown A, D’Arcangelo S, Bailey D, Semper A, Hewson J, Catton M, Perumal P, Sweed A, McKee DF, Jones J, Harvala H, Lamikanra A, Zambon M, Andrews N, Whitaker H, Linley E, Mentzer AJ, Skelly D, Knight JC, Klenerman P, Amirthalingam G, Taylor S, Rowe C, Vipond R, Brooks T. 2022. Implementation and Extended Evaluation of the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and Its Contribution to the United Kingdom’s COVID-19 Public Health Response. Microbiol Spectr 10(1):e0228921.
  44. Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. 2022. Lancet  399(10325):665-676.
  45. Harvala H, Gopal R, Patel M, Zambon M, Roberts D, Lamikanra A, Ploeg R, Hoogerwerf M, Zaaijer H, Hogema B, Reusken C, van der Schoot E, Reimerink J. 2021. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody testing of convalescent plasma donations in the Netherlands and England: A pilot study. Health Sci Rep. 4(4):e439.
  46. Axfors C et al., including Harvala H 2021. Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Infect Dis. 21(1):1170.
  47. Benschop KS et al., including Harvala H 2021. Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021. Eurosurveillance 26(45).
  48. Nguyen D, Xiao J, Simmonds P, Lamikanra A, Odon V, Ratcliff J, Townsend A, Roberts DJ, Harvala H. 2022. Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Strain Variation on Virus Neutralization Titers: Therapeutic Use of Convalescent Plasma. J Infect Dis 225(6):971-976.
  49. Estcourt LJ et al., including Harvala H 2021. Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support-Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2;326(17):1690-1702.
  50. Harvala H, Benschop KSM, Berginc N, Midgley S, Wolthers K, Simmonds P, Feeney S, Bailly JL, Mirand A, Fischer TK on behalf of the European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. 2021. Introduction of Hospital-Based Surveillance Network to Understand the True Disease Burden of Non-Polio Enterovirus and Parechovirus Infections in Europe. Microorganisms 9(9).
  51. Bubba L, Simmonds P, Fischer TK, Harvala H. 2021. Mapping of serological testing and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies performed in 20 European countries, March-June 2020. J Glob Health 11:05014.
  52. Lamikanra A, Nguyen D, Simmonds P, Williams S, Bentley EM, Rowe C, Otter AD, Brooks T, Gilmour K, Mai A, Dadhra J, Csatari M, Ziyenge S, Oliveira M, Ploeg R, Tsang P, Zambon M, Gopal R, Xiao JH, Townsend A, Roberts D, Harvala H. 2021. Comparability of six different immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent plasma: From utility to prediction. Transfusion 61(10):2837-2843.
  53. Nguyen D, Simmonds P, Steenhuis M, Wouters E, Desmecht D, Garigliany M, Romano M, Barbezange C, Maes P, Van Holm B, Mendoza J, Oyonarte S, Fomsgaard A, Lassaunière R, Zusinaite E, Resman Rus K, Avšič-Županc T, Reimerink JH, Brouwer F, Hoogerwerf M, Reusken CB, Grodeland G, Le Cam S, Gallian P, Amroun A, Brisbarre N, Martinaud C, Leparc Goffart I, Schrezenmeier H, Feys HB, van der Schoot CE, Harvala H. 2021. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing in Europe: towards harmonisation of neutralising antibody titres for better use of convalescent plasma and comparability of trial data. Eurosurveillance 26(27).
  54. Harvala H, Reynolds C, Gibney Z, Derrick J, Ijaz S, Davison KL, Brailsford S. Hepatitis B infections among blood donors in England between 2009 and 2018: 2021. Is an occult hepatitis B infection a risk for blood safety? Transfusion.  61(8):2402-2413.
  55. Ratcliff J, Nguyen D, Fish M, Rynne J, Jennings A, Williams S, Al-Beidh F, Bonsall D, Evans A, Golubchik T, Gordon AC, Lamikanra A, Tsang P, Ciccone NA, Leuscher U, Slack W, Laing E, Mouncey PR, Ziyenge S, Oliveira M, Ploeg R, Rowan KM, Shankar-Hari M, Roberts DJ, Menon DK, Estcourt L, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2021. Virological Characterization of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: Interactions of Viral Load, Antibody Status, and B.1.1.7 Infection. J Infect Dis 224(4):595-605.
  56. Benschop KSM et al., including Harvala H. 2021. Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 27(6):1616-1626.
  57. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial. 2021 Lancet 397(10289):2049-2059.
  58. Kamau E, Nguyen D, Celma C, Blomqvist S, Horby P, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2021. Seroprevalence and Virologic Surveillance of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A6, United Kingdom, 2006-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 27(9):2261-2268.
  59. Wouters E, Steenhuis M, Schrezenmeier H, Tiberghien P, Harvala H, Feys HB, van der Schoot E. 2021. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and potency for convalescent plasma donation: a brief commentary. Vox Sang. 116(5):493-496.
  60. Harvala H, Robb ML, Watkins N, Ijaz S, Dicks S, Patel M, Supasa P, Wanwisa D, Liu C, Mongkolsapaya J, Bown A, Bailey D, Vipond R, Grayson N, Temperton N, Gupta S, Ploeg RJ, Bolton J, Fyfe A, Gopal R, Simmonds P, Screaton G, Thompson C, Brooks T, Zambon M, Miflin G, Roberts DJ. 2021. Convalescent plasma therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: Assessment of methods available for antibody detection and their correlation with neutralising antibody levels. Transfus Med. 31(3):167-175.
  61. Buckland MS, Galloway JB, Fhogartaigh CN, Meredith L, Provine NM, Bloor S, Ogbe A, Zelek WM, Smielewska A, Yakovleva A, Mann T, Bergamaschi L, Turner L, Mescia F, Toonen EJM, Hackstein CP, Akther HD, Vieira VA, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Periselneris J, Kiani-Alikhan S, Grigoriadou S, Vaghela D, Lear SE, Török ME, Hamilton WL, Stockton J, Quick J, Nelson P, Hunter M, Coulter TI, Devlin L, Bradley JR, Smith KGC, Ouwehand WH, Estcourt L, Harvala H, Roberts DJ, Wilkinson IB, Screaton N, Loman N, Doffinger R, Lyons PA, Morgan BP, Goodfellow IG, Klenerman P, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ, Thaventhiran JED. 2020. Treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir in the absence of humoral immunity: a case report. Nat Commun. 14;11(1):6385.
  62. López-Labrador FX, Brown JR, Fischer N, Harvala H, Van Boheemen S, Cinek O, Sayiner A, Madsen TV, Auvinen E, Kufner V, Huber M, Rodriguez C, Jonges M, Hönemann M, Susi P, Sousa H, Klapper PE, Pérez-Cataluňa A, Hernandez M, Molenkamp R, der Hoek LV, Schuurman R, Couto N, Leuzinger K, Simmonds P, Beer M, Höper D, Kamminga S, Feltkamp MCW, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Keyaerts E, Nielsen XC, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Kroes ACM, Buesa J, Breuer J, Claas ECJ, de Vries JJC; ESCV Network on Next-Generation Sequencing. 2020. Recommendations for the introduction of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing in clinical virology, part I: Wet lab procedure.  J Clin Virol. 18(134):104691.
  63. Mehew J, Johnson R, Roberts D, Harvala H. 2020. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: male gender, older age and hospitalisation associated with high neutralising antibody levels, England, 22 April to 12 May 2020.  Eurosurveillance Nov;25(45):2001754.
  64. Mattiuzzo G, Bentley E, Hassall M, Routley S, Richardson S, Bernasconi V, Kristiansen P, Harvala H, Roberts D, Semple MG, Turtle LCW, Openshaw PJM. 2020. Establishment of the WHO International Standard and Reference panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. World Health Organization 60.
  65. The National SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assay Evaluation Group (including Harvala H). 2020. Performance characteristics of five immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2: a head-to-head benchmark comparison. Lancet Infect Dis. 20(12):1390-1400.
  66. Thompson CP, Grayson NE, Paton RS, Bolton JS, Lourenço J, Penman BS, Lee LN, Odon V, Mongkolsapaya J, Chinnakannan S, Dejnirattisai W, Edmans M, Fyfe A, Imlach C, Kooblall K, Lim N, Liu C, López-Camacho C, McInally C, McNaughton AL, Ramamurthy N, Ratcliff J, Supasa P, Sampson O, Wang B, Mentzer AJ, Turner M, Semple MG, Baillie K; ISARIC4C Investigators, Harvala H, Screaton GR, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Jarvis LM, Gupta S, Simmonds P. 2020. Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020. Eurosurveillance 25(42):2000685.
  67. Andersson M, Arancibia-Carcamo CV, Auckland K, Baillie K, Barnes E, Beneke T, Bibi S, Brooks T, Carroll M, Crook D, Dingle K, Dold C, Downs L, Dunn L, Eyre D, Jaramillo J, Harvala H, Hoosdally S, Ijaz S, James T, James W, Jeffery K, Justice A, Klenerman P, Knight J, Knight M, Liu X, Lumley S, Matthews P, McNaughton A, Mentzer A, Mongkolsapaya J, Oakley S, Oliveira M, Peto T, Ploeg R, Ratcliff J,  Robbins M, Roberts D, Rudkin J, Russell R, Screaton G, Semple M, Skelly D, Simmonds P, Stoesser N, Turtle L, Wareing S, Zambon M. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in blood products from patients with COVID-19 is not associated with infectious virus. Wellcome Open Research 5:181.
  68. Harvala H, Mehew J, Robb ML, Ijaz S, Dicks S, Patel M, Watkins N, Simmonds P, Brooks T, Johnson R, Gopal R, Roberts DJ, Zambon M; NHS Blood and Transplant Convalescent Plasma Testing Group. 2020. Convalescent plasma treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection: analysis of the first 436 donors in England, 22 April to 12 May 2020. Eurosurveillance. 25(28):2001260.
  69. Shankar-Hari M, Estcourt L, Harvala H, Roberts D, Menon DK; United Kingdom SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Plasma Evaluation (SCoPE) Consortium. 2020. Convalescent plasma to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19: framing the need for randomised clinical trials. Crit Care. 20;24(1):449.
  70. Bubba L, Broberg EK, Jasir A, Harvala H on behalf of the Enterovirus study collaborators. 2020. Circulation of non-polio enteroviruses in 24 EU/EEA countries between 2015 and 2017: clinical relevance and considerations for systematic surveillance. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20(3):350-361.
  71. Hayes A, Nguyen D, Andersson M, Antón A, Bailly JL, Beard S, Benschop KSM, Berginc N, Blomqvist S, Cunningham E, Davis D, Dembinski JL, Diedrich S, Dudman SG, Dyrdak R, Eltringham GJA, Gonzales-Goggia S, Gunson R, Howson-Wells HC, Jääskeläinen AJ, López-Labrador FX, Maier M, Majumdar M, Midgley S, Mirand A, Morley U, Nordbø SA, Oikarinen S, Osman H, Papa A, Pellegrinelli L, Piralla A, Rabella N, Richter J, Smith M, Söderlund Strand A, Templeton K, Vipond B, Vuorinen T, Williams C, Wollants E, Zakikhany K, Fischer TK, Harvala H, Simmonds P. 2020. A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts. J Med Virol 92(8):1065-1074.
  72. Ankcorn M, Gallacher J, Ijaz S, Taha Y, Harvala H, MacLennan S, Thomson EC, Davis C, Singer JB, da Silva Filipe A, Smollett K, Niebel M, Semple MG, Tedder RS, McPherson S. 2019. Convalescent plasma therapy for persistent hepatitis E virus infection. J Hepatol. Aug;71(2):434-438.
  73. Harvala H, Hewitt PE, Reynolds C, Pearson C, Haywood B, Tettmar KI, Ushiro-Lumb I, Brailsford SR, Tedder R, Ijaz S. Hepatitis E virus in blood donors in England, 2016 to 2017: from selective to universal screening. Eurosurveillance Mar;24(10).
  74. Kamau E, Harvala H, Blomqvist S, Nguyen D, Horby P, Pebody R, Simmonds 2019. Increase in Enterovirus D68 Infections in Young Children, United Kingdom, 2006-2016. Emerg Infect Dis. Jun;25(6):1200-1203.
  75. Majumdar M, Sharif S, Klapsa D, Wilton T, Alam MM, Fernandez-Garcia MD, Rehman L, Mujtaba G, McAllister G, Harvala H, Templeton K, Mee ET, Asghar H, Ndiaye K, Minor PD, Martin J. Environmental Surveillance Reveals Complex Enterovirus Circulation Patterns in Human Populations. Open Forum Infect Dis. 1;5(10).
  76. Harvala H, Carnahan A, Axelsson S, Brytting M. Evaluation of the national laboratory-based surveillance system for respiratory syncytial virus in Sweden, 2015-2016. J Clin Virol. 104:11-15.
  77. Harvala H, Frampton D, Grant P, Raffle J, Ferns RB, Kozlakidis Z, Kellam P, Pillay D, Hayward A, Nastouli E; ICONIC Consortium. 2017. Emergence of a novel subclade of influenza A(H3N2) virus in London, December 2016 to January 2017. EuroSurveillance. 23;22(8).
  78. Harvala H, Jasir A, Penttinen P, Pastore Celentano L, Greco D & Broberg E. 2017. Surveillance and laboratory detection for non-polio enteroviruses in the EU/EEA region, 2016. EuroSurveillance 23;22(45).
  79. Harvala H, Ögren J, Boman P, Riedel H, Nilsson P, Winiecka-Krusnell J & Beser J. 2016. Cryptosporidium infections in Sweden – understanding the regional differences in reported incidence. CMI 22(12):1012-1013.
  80. Harvala H, Rizzardi K, Alm R & Åkerlund T. 2016. The emergence and spread of moxifloxacin-resistant Clostridium difficile ribotype 231 in Sweden. New Microbe, New Infection 14:58-66.
  81. Harvala H, Rosendal T, Lahti E, Engvall OE, Brytting M, Wallensten A & Lindberg A. 2016. Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infection in Sweden, November 2011 – October 2012 – Is the severity of infection associated with C. jejuni sequence type? Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 6:31709.
  82. Harvala, H, Ydring E, Brytting M, Söderblom T, Mäkitalo B, Wallensten A, Tegmark Wisell K & Jernberg C. 2016. Increased number of Campylobacter bacteremia cases in Sweden, 2014. Clin Microbiology and Infection 22:391-393.
  83. Harvala H, Wiman Å, Wallensten A, Zakikhany K, Englund H, Brytting M. 2016.  The role of sequencing of the heamagglutinin gene and the hypervariable region in the measles outbreak investigations in Sweden, 2013-2014. Journal of Infectious Diseases 15;213(4):592-9.
  84. Kokki I, Smith D, Simmonds P, Ramalingam S, Wellington L, Willocks L, Johannessen I & Harvala, H. Hepatitis E virus is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in Lothian. New Microbes, New Infection. 15(10):6-12.
  85. Smith DB, Ijaz S, Tedder R, Hogema B, Zaaijer H, Izopet J, Bradley-Stewart A, Gunson R, Harvala H, Kokki I & Simmonds P. Variability and pathogenicity of Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 variants. J Gen Virology 96(11):3255–64.
  86. Shah A, Connelly M, Whitaker P, McIntyre C, Etherington C, Denton M, Hale A, Harvala H, Simmonds P & Peckham DG. Pathogenicity of individual rhinovirus species during exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal 45(6):1748-51.
  87. Gaunt E, Harvala H, Osterback R, Vattipally S, Thomson E, Waris M & Simmonds P. Genetic characterisation of coxsackievirus A6 variants associated with atypical hand, foot and mouth disease, a potential role of recombination in emergence and pathogenicity. J Gen Virology 96(5):1067-79.
  88. Al Shukri I, Hamilton F, Evans M, Cooper S, McKenzie G, Willocks L, Templeton K & Harvala H. Burden of parvovirus B19 infections in South-East Scotland. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 21(2):193-196.
  89. Harvala H, Smith D, Salvatierra K, Gunson R, von Wissmann B, Reynolds A, Frew C, MacLean A, Hunt A, Yirrell D, Simmonds P, McMenamin J & Templeton K. Burden of Influenza B virus infections in Scotland – Epidemiological investigations from 2000 – 2013. Eurosurveillance 18;19(37):20903.
  90. Sinclair C, Gaunt E, Simmonds P, Broomfield D, Nwafor N, Wellington L, Templeton K, Willocks L, Schofield O & Harvala H. Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, January to February 2014. Eurosurveillance 27;19(12):20745.
  91. Van Nguyen D, Harvala H, Ngole EM, Delaporte E, Peeters M & Simmonds P. High rates of infection with novel enterovirus variants in wild populations of mandrills and other Old World Monkey species. Journal of Virology. 88(11):5967-76.
  92. Harvala H, Griffiths M, Solomon T & Simmonds P. Identification of distinct systemic and central nervous system disease patterns in enterovirus and parechovirus infections in young children. 2014. Journal of Infection. 69:69-74.
  93. Harvala H, Wong V, Simmonds P, Johannessen I & Ramalingam S. Acute viral hepatitis – Should the current screening strategy be modified? J Clin Virol. 59(3):184-7.
  94. Harvala H, Van Nguyen D, McIntyre C, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Mpoudi Ngole E, Delaporte E, Peeters M & Simmonds P. Co-circulation of enteroviruses between humans and primates. J Gen Virology. 95(2):403-7.
  95. Harvala H, Calvert J, Van Nguyen D, Clasper L, Gadsby N, Molyneaux P, Templeton K, McWilliams Leitch C, Simmonds P. Comparison of enterovirus and parechovirus surveillance using diagnostic clinical samples and environmental sampling in Scotland, 2010 to 2012. Eurosurveillance. 17;19(15):20772.
  96. Harvala H, Stewart C, Muller K, Burns S, Marson L, MacGilchrist A & Johannessen I. High risk of cytomegalovirus infection following solid organ transplantation despite prophylactic therapy. J Med Virology. 85(5):893-8.
  97. McLeish, N.J., Witteveldt, J., Clasper, L., McIntyre, C., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Hardie, A., Bennett, S., Gunson, R., Carman, W.F., Feeney, S.A., Coyle, P.V., Vipond, B., Muir, P., Benschop, K., Wolthers, K., Waris, M., Österback, R., Johannessen, I., Templeton, K., Harvala H & Simmonds, P. Development and assay of RNA transcripts of enterovirus species a to d, rhinovirus species A to C, and human parechovirus: assessment of assay sensitivity and specificity of real-time screening and typing methods. J Clin Microbiol. 50(9):2910-7.
  98. Harvala H, Gaunt, E., McIntyre, C., Roddie, H., Labonte, S., Curran, E., Othieno, R., Simmonds, P. and Bremner, J. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of parainfluenza virus 3 outbreak in a Haemato-oncology unit. Journal of Infection. 65(3):246-54.
  99. Harvala H, McIntyre, C.L., Imai, N., Clasper, L., Djoko, C.F., LeBreton, M., Vermeulen, M., Saville, A., Mutapi, F., Midzi, N., Mduluza, N., Pépin, J., Njoum, R., Smura, T., Fair, J.N., Wolfe, N.D., Roivainen, M. & Simmonds, P. 2012. High seroprevalences of antibody to a range on enteroviruses demonstrate their extensive circulation in apes and Old-World monkeys and their potential for cross-species transmission. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 18:283-286.
  100. Harvala H, McIntyre, C.L., McLeish, N., Kondracka, J., Palmer, J., Molyneaux, P., Gunson, R., Bennett, S., Templeton, K. & Simmonds, P. 2012. High detection frequency and viral loads of human rhinovirus species A to C in faecal. Journal of Medical Virology. 84:536-542.
  101. McWilliam Leitch E.C., Cabrerizo M., Cardosa J., Harvala H, Ivanova O.E., Koike S., Kroes A.C., Lukashev A., Perera D., Roivainen M., Susi P., Trallero G., Evans D.J. & Simmonds P. The association of recombination events in the founding and emergence of subgenogroup evolutionary lineages of human enterovirus 71. Journal of Virology 86(5):2676-85.
  102. Gaunt, E.R., Harvala H, McIntyre, C., Templeton, K.E. & Simmonds, P. 2011. Disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) model. Journal of Clinical Virology. 52(3):215-21.
  103. Harvala H, Bennett, S., Whitteveldt, J., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., McLeish, N., Templeton, K., Gunson, R., Carman, W.F. & Simmonds, P. Rapid simultaneous detection of enterovirus and parechovirus RNA in clinical samples by one-step real-time RT-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiology 49(7):2620-4.
  104. Harvala H, Sharp, C.P., Ngole, E.M., Delaporte, E., Peeters, M. & Simmonds, P. Detection and genetic characterization of enteroviruses circulating among wild populations of chimpanzees and gorillas in Cameroon; relationship with human and simian enteroviruses. Journal of Virology. 85(9):4480-6.
  105. Harvala H, McLeish, N., Kondracka, J., McIntyre, C.L., McWilliams Leitch, E.C., Templeton, K. & Simmonds, P. 2011. Comparison of human parechovirus and enterovirus detection frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected over a 5-year period in Edinburgh – HPeV type 3 identified as the most common picornavirus type. Journal of Medical Virology. 83(5):889-96.
  106. McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Cabrerizo, C., Cardosa, C., Harvala H, Ivanova, O.E., Kroes, A.C., Lukashev, A., Muir, P., Odoom, J., Roivainen, M., Susi, P., Trallero, G., Evans, D.J. & Simmonds, P. 2010. Evolutionary dynamics and temporal/geographical correlates of recombination in the human enterovirus echovirus types 9, 11, and 30. Journal of Virology 84(18):9292-300.
  107. 96.   Harvala H, Gunson, R., Simmonds, P., Hardie, A., Bennett, S., Scott, F., Roddie, H., McKnight, J., Walsh, T., Rowney, D., Clark, A., Bremner, J., Aitken, C. & Templeton K. 2010. The emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus amongst hospitalised immunocompromised patients in Scotland, November – December, 2009. Eurosurveillance 15(14):19536.
  108. Calvert, J., Chieochansin, T., Benschop, K., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Drexler, J.F., Grywna, K., da Costa Ribeiro, H., Drosten, C., Harvala H, Poovorawan, Y., Wolthers, K. & Simmonds, 2010. The recombination dynamics of human Parechoviruses; investigations of type-specific differences in frequency and epidemiological correlates. Journal of General Virology 91:1229-1238.
  109. Wisdom, A., Kutkowska, A.E., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Gaunt, E., Templeton, K., Harvala H & Simmonds, P. 2009. Genetics, recombination and clinical features of human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) infections; interactions of HRV-C with other respiratory viruses. PloS One 4:e8518.
  110. Wisdom, A., Leitch, E.C., Gaunt, E., Harvala H & Simmonds, P. 2009. Screening respiratory samples for detection of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and enteroviruses: comprehensive VP4-VP2 typing reveals high incidence and genetic diversity of HRV species C. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47:3958-67.
  111. Harvala H, Robertson, I., Chieochansin, T., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Templeton, K. & Simmonds, P. 2009. Specific association of human parechovirus type 3 with sepsis and fever in young infants identified by direct typing of cerebrospinal fluid samples. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 199:1753-60.
  112. Leitch, E.C., Harvala H, Robertson, I., Ubillos, I., Templeton, K. & Simmonds, P. Direct identification of human enterovirus serotypes in cerebrospinal fluid by amplification and sequencing of the VP1 region. Journal of Clinical Virology. 44:119-24.
  113. Harvala H, Bremner, J., Kealey, S., Weller, B., McLellan, S., Lloyd, G., Staples, E., Faggian, F. & Solomon, T. Case report: Eastern equine encephalitis virus imported to the UK. Journal of Medical Virology. 81:305-8.
  114. Harvala H, Robertson, I., McWilliam Leitch, E.C., Benschop, K., Wolthers, K.C., Templeton, K. & Simmonds, P. Epidemiology and clinical associations of human parechovirus respiratory infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 46:3446-53.
  115. Ollikka, P., Ylikoski, A., Kaatrasalo, A., Harvala H, Hakala, H. & Hovinen, J. Minisequencing with acyclonucleoside triphosphates tethered to lanthanide(III) chelates. Bioconjugate Chemistry 19:1269-73.
  116. Harvala H, Kalimo, H., Bergelson , Stanway, G. & Hyypiä, T. 2005. Tissue tropism of recombinant coxsackieviruses in adult mouse model. Journal of General Virology 86:1897-1907.
  117. Harvala H, Kalimo, H., Stanway, G. & Hyypiä, T. Pathogenesis of coxsackievirus A9 in mice: the role of the viral arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif. Journal of General Virology 84:2375-2379.
  118. Harvala H, Kalimo, H., Dahllund, L., Santti, J., Hughes, P., Hyypiä, T. & Stanway, G. Mapping of tissue tropism determinants in coxsackievirus genomes. Journal of General Virology 83:1697-1706.
  119. Kyto, V., Saraste, A., Fohlman, J., Ilbäck, N.G., Harvala H, Vuorinen, T. & Hyypiä, T. 2002. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis after antiviral WIN 54954 treatment in murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 36(3):187-92.
  120. Santti, J., Harvala H, Kinnunen, L. & Hyypiä, T. Molecular epidemiology and evolution of coxsackievirus A9. Journal of General Virology 81:1361-1372.

A2. REVIEW ARTICLES

  1. Michael X Fu M, Simmonds P, Andersson M, Harvala H. 2024. Biomarkers of Transfusion Transmitted Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Where Are We and What Next? Reviews in Medical Virology.
  2. Maddox V, Vallely P, Brailsford SR, Harvala H. 2023. Virological safety of the UK blood supply in the era of individual risk assessments and HIV PrEP. Transfusion Medicine. Oct;33(5):372-378.
  3. Harvala H, Simmonds P. 2022. Evaluating the risk of transfusion and transplant-transmitted monkeypox infections. Transfus Med 22 Sep 22. doi: 10.1111/tme.12918.
  4. Harvala H, Reynolds C, Fabiana A, Tossell J, Bulloch G, Brailsford S, Blackmore S, Pomeroy L. 2022. Lessons learnt from syphilis-infected blood donors: a timely reminder of missed opportunities. Sex Transm Infect 98:293-297.
  5. Fischer T, Simmonds P, Harvala H. 2022. The importance of enterovirus surveillance in a post-polio world. Lancet Infectious Diseases 22(1):e35-e40.
  6. Simmonds P, Williams S, Harvala H. 2021. Understanding the outcomes of COVID-19 – does the current model of an acute respiratory infection really fit? J Gen Virol. 102(3):001545.
  7. Dunn JJ, Baldanti F, Puchhammer E, Panning M, Perez O, Harvala H on behalf of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (PASCV) Clinical Practice and Public Policy Committee and the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Executive Committee. 2020. Measles is Back – Considerations for Laboratory Diagnosis. J Clin Virol 128:104430.
  8. Kadambari S, Harvala H, Simmonds P, Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Strategies to improve detection and management of human parechovirus infection in young infants. Lancet Infect Dis. 19(2):e51-e58
  9. Simmonds P, Gorbalenya AE, Harvala H, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg AM, Oberste MS, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers KC, Woo PCY, Zell R. 2020. Recommendations for the nomenclature of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Arch Virol. 165(3):793-797.
  10. Harvala H, Simmonds P. 2016. Viral meningitis: epidemiology and diagnosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 16(11):1211-1212. (commentary)
  11. Harvala H, Broberg E, Benschop K, Berginc N, Ladhani S, Susi P, Christiansen C, McKenna J, Allen D, Makiello P, McAllister G, Carmen M, Zakikhany K, Dyrdak R, Nielsen X, Madsen T, Paul J, Moore C, von Eije K, Piralla A, Carlier M, Vanoverschelde L, Poelman R, Anton A, López-Labrador FX, Pellegrinelli L, Keeren K, Maier M, Cassidy H, Derdas S, Savolainen-Kopra C, Diedrich S, Nordbø S, Buesa J, Bailly JL, Baldanti F, MacAdam A, Mirand A, Dudman S, Schuffenecker I, Kadambari S, Neyts J, Griffiths MJ, Richter J, Margaretto C, Govind S, Morley U, Adams O, Krokstad S, Dean J, Pons-Salort M, Prochazka B, Cabrerizo M, Majumdar M, Nebbia G, Wiewel M, Cottrell S, Coyle P, Martin J, Moore C, Midgley S, Horby P, Wolthers K, Simmonds P, Niesters H, Fischer TK. Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe. J Clin Virol. 101:11-17.
  12. Wildenbeest, J.G., Harvala H, Pajkrt, D. & Wolthers, K.C. 2010. The need for treatment against human parechovirus: how, why and when? Expert Reviews Anti-Infective Therapy 8(12):1417-29.
  13. Harvala H, Wolthers K, Simmonds P. 2010. Parechoviruses in children: understanding a new infection. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 23:224-230.
  14. Harvala H, Simmonds P. 2009. Human parechoviruses: Biology, epidemiology and clinical significance. Journal of Clinical Virology. 45:1-9.

PUBLICATIONS INTENDED FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES

  1. Harvala H, Regan F, Mijovic A. 2023. Transfusion Medicine: Case studies and clinical management. Chapter 22: Contagion. Springer Nature.
  2. Ooi M, Solomon T, Harvala H. 2023. Enteroviruses: Enterovirus A71 in Viral infections of humans: epidemiology and control edited by Richard A. Kaslow, Lawrence R. Stanberry and James W. Le Duc. Springer Nature.
  3. Harvala H, Johannessen I. 2019. Picornaviruses (p.435-450). Medical Microbiology (19th edition). Elsevier, UK.
  4. Harvala H, Solomon T. 2019. Bitten in the Hampshires (p.145-149). Case studies in neurological infections of adults and children. Cambridge University Press, UK.
  5. Fischer T, Harvala H, Midgley S. 2017. Human Parechoviruses: Biology and Infection. eLS. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0022506 (on-line).
  6. Harvala H, Hyypiä T. 2016. Parechoviruses. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (on-line).
  7. Hyypiä T, Harvala H. 2015. Echoviruses. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (on-line).

PUBLICATIONS INTENDED FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC

  1. Harvala H. 2022. Fulminant Transfusion-Associated HEV Infection Despite Screening, England, 2016-2020. Global Hepatitis E platform. 5th October 2022. Hepatitis E Platform – Fulminant Transfusion-Associated HEV Infection Despite Screening, England, 2016-2020 (ghep-hev.com)
  1. Watkins E, Harvala H. Time for change – Addressing the risk of occult hepatitis B in blood donations. NHS Blood and Transplant, R&D blog. 6th October 2021. Time for change – Addressing the risk of occult hepatitis B in blood donations – Research and Development – NHS Blood and Transplant (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  1. Fischer T, Benchop K, Brown C, Harvala H, Salimonic-Besic I. 2019. Guests on This Week in Virology #576 Netcast: Big data in Virology. Hosted by Prof Vincent Racaniello. 1st December 2019. TWiV 576: Big data in virology and public health | This Week in Virology (microbe.tv)

THESIS

  1. PhD Harvala Heli. 2003. Molecular pathogenesis of coxsackievirus infections and the specific role of the RGD motif in CAV9. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland. Supervisor Professor Timo Hyypiä.
  2. MSc Harvala Heli. 2003. Synthesis of nucleoside-5’-O-triphosphates labelled with non-luminescent lanthanide(III)chelates designed for SNP analysis. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Turku, and PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland. Supervisor Professor Jari Hovinen.