{"id":9069,"date":"2023-03-23T13:20:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T11:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/hiiskuttua\/?p=9069"},"modified":"2023-03-23T13:50:24","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T11:50:24","slug":"danska-ett-nordiskt-sprak-med-stora-skillnader-mellan-skrift-och-tal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/danska-ett-nordiskt-sprak-med-stora-skillnader-mellan-skrift-och-tal\/","title":{"rendered":"Danska \u2013 ett nordiskt spr\u00e5k med stora skillnader mellan skrift och tal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Danska spr\u00e5kets historiska utveckling har delvis varit en annan i talspr\u00e5ket j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med skriftspr\u00e5ket. Detta g\u00f6r det problematiskt f\u00f6r andra nordbor att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 talad danska.<\/em><\/p>\n

I danska \u00e4r kontrasten mellan tal och skrift mycket st\u00f6rre \u00e4n i svenska. De stora skillnader som f\u00f6rekommer mellan det danska skrift- och talspr\u00e5ket g\u00f6r att det kan uppfattas som lite sv\u00e5rt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 talad danska.<\/p>\n

De m\u00e5nga skillnaderna beror p\u00e5 att det danska skriftspr\u00e5ket under tidens g\u00e5ng har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats mindre \u00e4n det danska talspr\u00e5ket. Talspr\u00e5ket har genomg\u00e5tt flera uttalsf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Som f\u00f6ljd av f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna har ljuden blivit allt f\u00e4rre, vilket g\u00f6r att ord ofta sm\u00e4lter samman och ordgr\u00e4nser f\u00f6rsvinner. Till exempel inneb\u00e4r reducering av obetonade vokaler eller s\u00e5 kallad infortisf\u00f6rsvagning<\/em> att \u00e4ndelsevokalerna a<\/em>, i<\/em> och u<\/em> f\u00f6rsvagas i tal till ett ljud som kallas schwa<\/em> eller [\u0259]. I skrift motsvaras schwa<\/em> vanligtvis av ett e<\/em>. Det som heter gata<\/em>, gammal<\/em> och l\u00e4sa<\/em> p\u00e5 svenska heter s\u00e5ledes gade<\/em>, gammel<\/em> och l\u00e6se<\/em> p\u00e5 danska.<\/p>\n

Skriftspr\u00e5ket \u00e4r d\u00e4remot relativt konservativt i danska. Exempelvis har flera traditionella regler g\u00e4llande stavning beh\u00e5llits eller \u00e4ndrats bara i liten utstr\u00e4ckning. De stavningsreformer som genomf\u00f6rts har dessutom haft som syfte att minska skillnader mellan de nordiska spr\u00e5ken. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r ersattes till exempel aa<\/em> med bokstaven \u00e5<\/em> och stor begynnelsebokstav med liten i substantiv 1948.<\/p>\n

Inverkan p\u00e5 grannspr\u00e5kskommunikation<\/h2>\n

P\u00e5 grund av att skriftspr\u00e5ket har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats mindre \u00e4n talspr\u00e5ket \u00e4r det mycket l\u00e4ttare f\u00f6r svenskspr\u00e5kiga att f\u00f6rsta skriven \u00e4n talad danska. Detta \u00e4r en utmaning vid s\u00e5 kallad grannspr\u00e5kskommunikation<\/em>. Att talad danska \u00e4r sv\u00e5rbegriplig g\u00f6r det lite mindre enkelt f\u00f6r nordbor att kommunicera p\u00e5 sitt eget modersm\u00e5l med varandra. I fr\u00e5ga om svenskan \u00e4r detta intressant eftersom svenska historiskt sett \u00e4r det n\u00e4rmast besl\u00e4ktade spr\u00e5ket med danska. B\u00e5da spr\u00e5ken h\u00e4rstammar fr\u00e5n \u00f6stnordiska medan de andra nordiska spr\u00e5ken har utvecklats fr\u00e5n v\u00e4stnordiska. Det n\u00e4ra sl\u00e4ktbandet mellan danskan och svenskan \u00e4r med andra ord synligare i skrift d\u00e4r de tv\u00e5 spr\u00e5ken i skrift liknar varandra i stor utstr\u00e4ckning.<\/p>\n

Samtidigt \u00e4r det dock bra att po\u00e4ngtera att det p\u00e5 inget s\u00e4tt \u00e4r om\u00f6jligt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 talad danska. Den unders\u00f6kning jag genomf\u00f6rt f\u00f6r min avhandling pro gradu visar att ju mera kontakt finlandssvenskarna har med danska desto b\u00e4ttre upplever de sig f\u00f6rst\u00e5 spr\u00e5ket. D\u00e4rtill kan jag utifr\u00e5n egen erfarenhet intyga att man oftast blir positivt \u00f6verraskad av hur mycket man egentligen f\u00f6rst\u00e5r om man inte t\u00e4nker f\u00f6r mycket p\u00e5 att det \u00e4r sv\u00e5rt.<\/p>\n

Mera information<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antola, Artturi (u.a.). Internordisk spr\u00e5kf\u00f6rst\u00e5else hos finlandssvenskar<\/em>. Avhandling pro gradu. \u00c5bo: \u00c5bo universitet.<\/p>\n

Delsing, Lars-Olof & Lundin, Katarina (2005). H\u00e5ller spr\u00e5ket ihop Norden? En forskningsrapport om ungdomars f\u00f6rst\u00e5else av danska, svenska och norska<\/em>. K\u00f6penhamn: Nordiska ministerr\u00e5det.<\/p>\n

Skribenten studerar nordiska spr\u00e5k vid \u00c5bo universitet och \u00e4r intresserad av nordiskt samarbete. Denna text \u00e4r den andra texten i den tredelade serie om Norden som ing\u00e5r i hans projektpraktik.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bild: Danmarks flagga Dannebrogen<\/em> (K\u00e4lla: Jacob B\u00f8tter \/ Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-4.0)<\/p>\n

23.3.2023 vietet\u00e4\u00e4n Pohjolan p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4. Lue lis\u00e4\u00e4!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Danska spr\u00e5kets historiska utveckling har delvis varit en annan i talspr\u00e5ket j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med skriftspr\u00e5ket. Detta g\u00f6r det problematiskt f\u00f6r andra nordbor att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 talad danska. I danska \u00e4r kontrasten mellan tal och skrift mycket st\u00f6rre \u00e4n i svenska. De stora…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4042,"featured_media":9077,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,83,89,1],"tags":[2353,641,2325,2329],"class_list":["post-9069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ajankohtaista","category-opinnaytteet","category-opiskelijat","category-uncategorized","tag-hiiskuttua","tag-pohjoismaiset-kielet","tag-pohjola","tag-tanska"],"acf":[],"lang":"fi","translations":{"fi":9069},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":53,"label":"Ajankohtaista"},{"value":83,"label":"Opinn\u00e4ytteet"},{"value":89,"label":"Opiskelijat"},{"value":1,"label":"Uncategorized"}],"post_tag":[{"value":2353,"label":"Hiiskuttua"},{"value":641,"label":"pohjoismaiset kielet"},{"value":2325,"label":"Pohjola"},{"value":2329,"label":"tanska"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/2023\/03\/Dannebrog_IMG_8692-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Artturi Antola","author_link":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/author\/minergutufi\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":53,"name":"Ajankohtaista","slug":"ajankohtaista","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":53,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":161,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":53,"category_count":161,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Ajankohtaista","category_nicename":"ajankohtaista","category_parent":0},{"term_id":83,"name":"Opinn\u00e4ytteet","slug":"opinnaytteet","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":83,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":97,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":83,"category_count":97,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Opinn\u00e4ytteet","category_nicename":"opinnaytteet","category_parent":0},{"term_id":89,"name":"Opiskelijat","slug":"opiskelijat","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":89,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":166,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":89,"category_count":166,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Opiskelijat","category_nicename":"opiskelijat","category_parent":0},{"term_id":1,"name":"Uncategorized","slug":"uncategorized","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":31,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":31,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Uncategorized","category_nicename":"uncategorized","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":2353,"name":"Hiiskuttua","slug":"hiiskuttua","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2356,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":971,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":641,"name":"pohjoismaiset kielet","slug":"pohjoismaiset-kielet","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":641,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":18,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":2325,"name":"Pohjola","slug":"pohjola","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2328,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":2329,"name":"tanska","slug":"tanska","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2332,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"}],"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4042"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9069"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9089,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9069\/revisions\/9089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}