{"id":9071,"date":"2023-03-23T13:19:59","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T11:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/hiiskuttua\/?p=9071"},"modified":"2023-03-23T13:19:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T11:19:46","slug":"islandska-ett-nordiskt-sprak-med-urgamla-sprakliga-drag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.utu.fi\/soihtu\/islandska-ett-nordiskt-sprak-med-urgamla-sprakliga-drag\/","title":{"rendered":"Isl\u00e4ndska – ett nordiskt spr\u00e5k med urgamla spr\u00e5kliga drag"},"content":{"rendered":"

Isl\u00e4ndska spr\u00e5ket har kvarst\u00e5tt n\u00e4stan of\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat genom historien. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r isl\u00e4ndska i praktiken ett fr\u00e4mmande spr\u00e5k f\u00f6r andra nordbor.<\/em><\/p>\n

Isl\u00e4ndska \u00e4r som tusen \u00e5r gammal svenska. I isl\u00e4ndska finns gott om spr\u00e5kliga drag som existerade redan i fornnordiska men har utvecklats till n\u00e5gonting annat eller fallit bort helt och h\u00e5llet i svenska och andra nordiska spr\u00e5k. Bland annat anv\u00e4nds bokstaven \u00fe<\/em> som kallas \u00feorn<\/em> eller thorn<\/em> fortfarande i isl\u00e4ndska. Bokstaven f\u00f6rekommer exempelvis i orden \u00fe\u00fa<\/em> (sv. du<\/em>), \u00feakka<\/em> (sv. tacka<\/em>) och Al\u00feingi<\/em> som syftar p\u00e5 det isl\u00e4ndska parlamentet Alltinget<\/em>. Isl\u00e4ndska har ocks\u00e5 bibeh\u00e5llit det gamla fornnordiska b\u00f6jningssystemet: alla fyra kasus, det vill s\u00e4ga ackusativ, dativ, genitiv och nominativ finns kvar. Isl\u00e4ndska liknar med andra ord finska i att det f\u00f6rekommer rikligt med b\u00f6jningsformer i spr\u00e5ket.<\/p>\n

Som en f\u00f6ljd av att isl\u00e4ndska har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats s\u00e5 lite \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r dagens isl\u00e4nningar att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 gamla fornisl\u00e4ndska texter, till exempel sl\u00e4ktsagor som ofta g\u00e5r tillbaka \u00e4nda till vikingatiden. Kopplingen mellan historien och nutiden \u00e4r s\u00e5ledes stark och levande p\u00e5 Island.<\/p>\n

Inverkan p\u00e5 grannspr\u00e5kskommunikation<\/h2>\n

Fast\u00e4n det finns fem nordiska spr\u00e5k h\u00e4nvisar man oftast endast till danska, norska och svenska n\u00e4r man talar om nordiska grannspr\u00e5k<\/em>. Orsaken \u00e4r att \u00f6msesidig f\u00f6rst\u00e5else \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig bara mellan dessa spr\u00e5k. Isl\u00e4ndska \u00e4r snarare ett fr\u00e4mmande spr\u00e5k f\u00f6r andra nordbor. Det beror p\u00e5 att isl\u00e4ndska har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats mindre \u00e4n de andra nordiska spr\u00e5ken, inte minst p\u00e5 grund av geografisk isolering och mindre inflytande fr\u00e5n andra europeiska spr\u00e5k. En annan omst\u00e4ndighet som g\u00f6r isl\u00e4ndskan sv\u00e5rbegriplig \u00e4r isl\u00e4nningarnas mycket strikta inst\u00e4llning till l\u00e5nord. S\u00e5 gott som alla fr\u00e4mmande ord f\u00e5r en isl\u00e4ndsk \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning. Telefon<\/em> heter s\u00e5lunda s\u00edmi<\/em> p\u00e5 isl\u00e4ndska, dator<\/em> heter t\u00f6lva<\/em> och substantiv<\/em> heter nafnor\u00f0<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Men ocks\u00e5 isl\u00e4nningarna deltar i grannspr\u00e5kskommunikationen i Norden. Det \u00e4r obligatoriskt att studera danska i grundskolan p\u00e5 Island, vilket ger f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar att kommunicera p\u00e5 danska med andra nordbor. Det \u00e4r emellertid vanligt att isl\u00e4nningarna talar s\u00e5 kallad skandinaviska<\/em>, det vill s\u00e4ga danska med isl\u00e4ndskt uttal. Det har dock s\u00e4llan en negativ inverkan p\u00e5 begripligheten. De som talar svenska och norska anser oftast att det \u00e4r l\u00e4tt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 isl\u00e4nningarnas skandinaviska.<\/p>\n

\u00c4ven om isl\u00e4ndska inte h\u00f6r till de nordiska spr\u00e5k som \u00e4r sinsemellan begripliga \u00e4r det inte ovanligt f\u00f6r nordbor att ha kontakt med isl\u00e4ndska. I den unders\u00f6kning jag genomf\u00f6rt f\u00f6r min avhandling pro gradu uppger \u00f6ver en fj\u00e4rdedel av finlandssvenskarna att de har n\u00e5gon form av kontakt med isl\u00e4ndska. Exempelvis kan man m\u00f6ta isl\u00e4ndska i n\u00e5gon av de popul\u00e4ra kriminalserier som visas p\u00e5 teve \u00e4ven i Finland. Och med dagens hj\u00e4lpmedel som undertextning \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att ha kontakt med ett spr\u00e5k utan att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 det fullst\u00e4ndigt.<\/p>\n

Mera information:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antola, Artturi (u.a.). Internordisk spr\u00e5kf\u00f6rst\u00e5else hos finlandssvenskar<\/em>. Avhandling pro gradu. \u00c5bo: \u00c5bo universitet.<\/p>\n

Stampe Sletten, Iben (red.) (2004). Nordens spr\u00e5k med r\u00f6tter och f\u00f6tter<\/em>. K\u00f6penhamn: Nordiska ministerr\u00e5det.<\/p>\n

Skribenten studerar nordiska spr\u00e5k vid \u00c5bo universitet och \u00e4r intresserad av nordiskt samarbete. Denna text \u00e4r den tredje texten i den tredelade serie om Norden som ing\u00e5r i hans projektpraktik.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bild: Islands flagga (K\u00e4lla: Simon Schmitt \/ Unsplash)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Isl\u00e4ndska spr\u00e5ket har kvarst\u00e5tt n\u00e4stan of\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat genom historien. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r isl\u00e4ndska i praktiken ett fr\u00e4mmande spr\u00e5k f\u00f6r andra nordbor. Isl\u00e4ndska \u00e4r som tusen \u00e5r gammal svenska. I isl\u00e4ndska finns gott om spr\u00e5kliga drag som existerade redan i fornnordiska men har…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4042,"featured_media":9082,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,83,89,113,1],"tags":[2353,2331,641,2325],"class_list":["post-9071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ajankohtaista","category-opinnaytteet","category-opiskelijat","category-tapahtumat","category-uncategorized","tag-hiiskuttua","tag-islanti","tag-pohjoismaiset-kielet","tag-pohjola"],"acf":[],"lang":"fi","translations":{"fi":9071},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":53,"label":"Ajankohtaista"},{"value":83,"label":"Opinn\u00e4ytteet"},{"value":89,"label":"Opiskelijat"},{"value":113,"label":"Tapahtumat"},{"value":1,"label":"Uncategorized"}],"post_tag":[{"value":2353,"label":"Hiiskuttua"},{"value":2331,"label":"islanti"},{"value":641,"label":"pohjoismaiset 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