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Intertwined histories – 150 Years of Finnish–Namibian Relations
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The Finnish Medical Mission in Owambo and Kavango, 1900–2010

Kalle Kananoja Finnish missionaries played a leading role in the development of healthcare in today’s northern Namibia until the independence…

Step by Step, Brick by Brick: The First Decades of the Onandjokwe Hospital

Heini Hakosalo This chapter discusses the Onandjokwe Hospital – its facilities, equipment, personnel, patients, diseases and treatment methods – during…

The Contribution of Finnish Missionaries Towards the Development of Oshiwambo Language and Culture

Petrus Angula Mbenzi Oshiwambo is a Bantu language which belongs to the larger Niger-Congo phylum. According to S. Shifidi, Oshiwambo…

The Finnish Mission’s Relationship to Anglicans and Roman Catholics in South West Africa, 1919–1937

Kati Kemppainen Until World War I, the monopoly of the mission work in Namibia (then German South West Africa) was…

Nakayale Keengulu, a Center for Missionary Activities

Hertha Lukileni-Iipinge Nakayale, a village in north-central Namibia has been the home of Finnish missionary work since 1925. Nakayale has…

The Lutheran Condemnation of the Initiation Ritual of Girls in Namibia

Saara Kuoppala When the first Finnish missionaries arrived in South West Africa (SWA), now known as Namibia, in 1870, the…

Martti Rautanen as the Agricola of Owambo

Marjo Kaartinen Martti Rautanen (1845–1926) remains a well-known figure in Finnish history. As one of the first group of missionaries…

ELCIN Parish Registers: A Trail to Namibia’s History and Culture

Harri Siiskonen On a world-wide scale, Africa is the least-known continent in demographic terms. The population size of sub-Saharan Africa…

Stories from South West Africa for Young Finnish Readers

Raita Merivirta In October 1929, the Finnish missionary magazine for children, Lasten lähetyslehti (published between 1900–1954), published an advert on…

Former Mission Churches Cooperated Against Apartheid

Martti Eirola This article is a tribute to my late father, Rev. Arvo Eirola, who worked as a missionary in…

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Intertwined histories – 150 Years of Finnish–Namibian Relations

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