PRIME | Perinatal Research in Family and Early-life Health

PRIME | Perinatal Research in Family and Early-life Health

PRIME aims to improve health, well-being, and quality of care of women, infants, and families during the perinatal period, including pregnancy, childbirth, and the first year after birth. We emphasize women’s health as an important research priority while fostering inclusive approaches that benefit all individuals, families, and communities affected by perinatal health and care.

The projects included in PRIME address key public health challenges related to the perinatal and early-life periods, including obesity, childbirth experiences, and breastfeeding, which have significant implications for both parental and infant health and well-being, with effects that may extend across generations. In PRIME, we aim to address these challenges by developing evidence-based, personalized as well as digital innovations and solutions that support the early identification of needs, enable timely interventions, and facilitate access to tailored care and support services. Ultimately, our goal is to promote positive health and well-being outcomes for women, infants, and families throughout the early stages of life and beyond.

Projects

SMOOTH: Pregnancy and Birth Experiences: Focus on the Stigma of Obesity (ongoing)

Lihavuuden stigma ylipainoisten synnyttäjien raskaus- ja synnytyskokemuksissa: kohti parempaa äitiysterveyttä

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on yhteistyössä ylipainoisten synnyttäjien ja äitiyshuollon ammattilaisten kanssa kehittää koulutusinterventio, joka edistää ammattilaisten osaamista kohdata kaikenkokoiset raskaana olevat ja synnyttäjät yhdenvertaisesti ja sensitiivisesti. Koulutusinterventiolla pyritään lihavuuden stigman vähentämiseen ja siten edistämään ylipainoisten synnyttäjien terveyttä perinataaliaikana sekä sen jälkeen. Tutkimus on osa laajaa kansainvälistä BESt-tutkimusta (Birth Experience Study), jonka tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä synnytykseen liittyvistä kielteisistä kokemuksista sekä kehittää hoitokäytäntöjä, jotka turvaavat synnyttäjien itsemääräämisoikeutta ja edistävät synnytysturvallisuutta maailmanlaajuisesti. BESt-tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan erityisesti kokemuksia, joissa synnyttäjät ovat kokeneet epäasiallista tai kaltoin kohtelevaa kohtelua synnytyksen aikana.

Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa tarkoituksena on kuvata synnyttäjien raskaus- ja synnytyskokemuksia Suomessa kansallisella tasolla sekä tarkastella erityisesti ylipainoisten synnyttäjien kokemuksia. Aineistonkeruu alkoi huhtikuussa  2025 ja päättyi tammikuussa 2026. Aineiston analyysi on parhaillaan käynnissä.

Toisen vaiheen tarkoituksena on kuvata äitiyshuollon ammattilaisten asenteita ja näkemyksiä kohdistuen ylipainoisiin synnyttäjiin. Tavoitteena on osallistaa ja sitouttaa ammattilaiset lihavuuden stigman vähentämiseen tähtäävän intervention kehittämiseen.

Tutkimusprojekti toteutetaan yhteistyössä Turun ammattikorkeakoulun kanssa.

 

SMOOTH: Stigma of obesity – co-designing an intervention to improve encounters during pregnancy and childbirth

The purpose of the study is to develop a educational intervention in collaboration with pregnant women with obesity and maternity care professionals. This intervention aims to enhance professionals’ skills in providing equal and sensitive care to pregnant and postpartum women of all body sizes. The goal of the educational intervention is to reduce the stigma of obesity and by implication, promote the health of women with obesity during the perinatal period and beyond. This study is part of the broader international BESt project (Birth Experience Study), which aims to deepen understanding of negative birth experiences and to develop care practices that safeguard women’s autonomy and promote birth safety globally. The BESt project focuses particularly on situations in which women report experiencing disrespectful, inappropriate, or mistreating behaviours during childbirth.

In the first phase, the aim is to describe pregnancy and birth experiences in Finland at a national level, with a particular focus on the experiences of women with obesity.Data collection started in April 2025 and ended in January 2026. Data analysis is currently ongoing.

The second phase aims to explore the attitudes and perspectives of maternity care professionals toward women with obesity. The goal is to involve and engage professionals in developing an intervention aimed at reducing obesity stigma.

The project is conducted in collaboration with the Turku University of Applied Sciences.

 

 

 

Family-centered Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Postpartum Period (ongoing)

Perhemyönteinen raskaus, synnytys ja synnytyksen jälkeinen aika – synnyttäneiden äitien näkemyksiä ja kokemuksia äitiysneuvolan ja synnytyssairaalan hoidon ja palveluiden toteutumisesta Helsingissä

Monimenetelmällisessä poikkileikkaustutkimuksessa selvittiin synnyttäneiden äitien näkemyksiä ja kokemuksia perhemyönteisen hoidon toteutumisesta äitiysneuvoloissa ja synnytyssairaalassa, synnytykseen liittyvää tyytyväisyyttä ja itsearvioituja vauvanhoitovalmiuksia ja synnyttäjien valmiuksia kotiutua synnytyssairaalasta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä ymmärrystä äitien kokemasta hoidosta äitiysneuvoloissa ja synnytyssairaalassa ja tunnistaa niihin liittyviä haasteita ja kehittämistarpeita. Tiedon avulla hoitotyötä ja palveluita voidaan kehittää vastaamaan paremmin äitien tarpeisiin ja toiveisiin ja siten edistää perhemyönteisyyttä. Aineistoa kerättiin sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella ja haastatteluilla helsinkiläisiltä äideiltä syksyllä 2022 ja sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella vuonna 2025.

Tulosten perusteella suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin hoitotyön kehittämisinterventioita sekä alueen synnytyssairaalassa että äitiysneuvoloissa. Uusintamittaus toteutettiin syksyllä 2025.

Tutkimusprojekti toteutettiin yhteistyössä Helsingin kaupungin sekä HUS:n kanssa.

Tietosuojailmoitus

Family-centered pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period – perceptions and experiences of postpartum mothers regarding care in maternity clinics and birth hospital in Helsinki

This mixed-methods study investigated mothers’ perceptions and experiences regarding family-centered care in maternity clinics and birth hospital, birth satisfaction and self-assessed baby-care skills. Aim of this study was to better understand how mothers perceive and experience the care they are provided with in public maternity clinics and birth hospital. This knowledge is used to improve family-centered care provided to mothers and families in maternity clinics and in birth hospitals. Data were collected from postpartum mothers living in Helsinki during autumn 2022 and 2025. Data collection methods included an online survey and qualitative interviews of mothers.

Based on the results interventions to develop care in both birth hospital and maternity clinics were planned and implemented. Post-measurements were conducted during autumn 2025.

The project was carried out in collaboration with the City of Helsinki and HUS.

Julkaisu / Publication:

Lojander, J., Axelin, A., Tekay, A., Heinonen, S., Polkko, S., Lehti, L., Kolari, T., & Niela-Vilén, H. (2025). The association between exclusive breastfeeding and quality of care and maternal factors in a tertiary maternity hospital in Finland: A cross-sectional study. Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 45, 101127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2025.101127

Data Protection Statement

 

Supporting Breastfeeding using Peer Support App (ongoing)

Rinnalla – Imetyksen koulutettu vertaistuki älylaitesovelluksen tai sosiaalisen median kautta

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata Rinnalla -älylaitesovelluksen käytettävyyttä ja käyttökokemuksia ja sovelluksen käytön yhteyttä imetysluottamukseen ja imetyksen sujumiseen verrattuna sovellusta käyttämättömiin.  Käyttäjien kokemuksia tarkasteltiin sekä koulutettujen vertaistukijoiden että vertaistuettavien näkökulmista. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa, jonka avulla voidaan edelleen kehittää imetyksen vertaistukea ja imettävien äitien saamaa tukea.

Aineistoa kerättiin käytettävyyskyselyllä sovelluksen käyttäjiltä sekä fokusryhmähaastatteluilla imetyksen vertaistukijoilta. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa toteutettiin seurantatutkimus imettäville äideille. Tässä tutkimusosassa tarkasteltiin, miten Rinnalla-sovelluksen käyttö on yhteydessä sitä käyttävän äidin imetykseen, imetysluottamukseen, vanhemmuuden kokemukseen tai masennusoireisiin kuuden kuukauden aikana.

Tutkimusprojekti toteutettiin yhteistyössä Tampereen yliopiston ja Imetyksen tuki ry:n kanssa.

Rinnalla [At Breast] – Trained peer support provided via app or social media

The purpose of the study was to describe the usability and user experiences of the Rinnalla  application and to examine the connection between its use and breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success compared to those who do not use the application. User experiences were analyzed from the perspectives of both trained peer supporters and those receiving peer support. The goal was to generate information that can be used to further develop breastfeeding peer support and the support received by breastfeeding mothers.

Data were collected through a usability survey from the application’s users and focus group interviews with breastfeeding peer supporters. Additionally, a follow-up study was conducted with breastfeeding mothers. This part of the study examined how the use of the Rinnalla application is related to the breastfeeding experience, breastfeeding self-efficacy, parental experience, and symptoms of depression over a six-month period.

The project was carried out in collaboration with the University of Tampere and Finnish Association for Breastfeeding Support.

Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative and Breastfeeding (completed)

Osa 1: Vauvamyönteisyysohjelman vaikutus imetykseen, imetysohjaukseen ja imetysasenteisiin

Vauvamyönteisyysohjelman käyttöönoton vaikutusta imetykseen, imetysohjaukseen ja imetysasenteisiin tutkittiin yhdessä suomalaisessa keskussairaalassa. Ensimmäiset mittaukset toteutettiin vuonna 2017 ennen Vamy-ohjelman käyttöönottoa. Sairaalan saatua Vauvamyönteisyys-sertifikaatin vuonna 2019 tehtiin uusintamittaukset. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin sekä henkilökuntaa että synnyttäjiä. Päätulosmuuttujat olivat imetyksen kesto ja imetysasenteet.

Part 1: The Impact of Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative to Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding Counseling and Breastfeeding Attitudes

The impact of Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) to breastfeeding, breastfeeding counselling and breastfeeding attitudes was examined in a central hospital in Finland. The baseline measurements were conducted before the implementation of BFHI practices in 2017. The hospital was successfully certified as Baby-friendly in February 2019, and the post-measurements were conducted in April-June 2019. Both staff members and breastfeeding mothers were recruited in the study. The main outcomes were the duration of breastfeeding and breastfeeding attitudes.

Julkaisut / Publications

Mäkelä H, Axelin A, Kolari T, Kuivalainen T, Niela-Vilén H. Healthcare Professionals’ Breastfeeding Attitudes and Hospital Practices During Delivery and in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Pre and Post Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. J Hum Lact. 2022;38(3):537-547. doi:10.1177/08903344211058373

Lojander J, Axelin A, Bergman P, Niela-Vilén H. Maternal perceptions of breastfeeding support in a birth hospital before and after designation to the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: A quasi-experimental study. Midwifery. 2022;110:103350. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2022.103350

Mäkelä H, Axelin A, Kolari T, Niela-Vilén H. Exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding problems, and maternal breastfeeding attitudes before and after the baby-friendly hospital initiative: A quasi-experimental study. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2023;35:100806. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100806

Mäkelä H, Axelin A, Niela-Vilén H. Journey toward Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative designation: Healthcare professional’s view on successful implementation process and maintenance of accreditation. Midwifery. 2024;135:104029. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2024.104029

 

Osa 2: Äitien näkemykset imetysohjauksesta vauvamyönteisestä sairaalasta kotiutumisen jälkeen

Äitien imetysohjausnäkemysten tarkastelu heti vauvamyönteiseksi sertifioidusta sairaalasta kotiutumisen jälkeen mahdollistavat ohjauksen laadun kehittämisen. Äideiltä kysyttiin sekä heidän näkemyksiään toteutuneesta ohjauksesta että toiveitaan sen suhteen. Mittaukset toteutettiin heti kotiutuessa ja kolmen kuukauden kuluttua.

 

Part 2: Maternal Perceptions of Breastfeeding Counseling and Support after BFHI Hospital Discharge

To be able to develop the quality of breastfeeding counseling after hospital discharge, the mothers’ perceptions and views on desired as well as received breastfeeding counseling were investigated shortly after going home from the BFHI certified birth hospital and again at three months after the birth. This project was carried out in Southwestern Finland.

Julkaisu / Publication:

Lojander J, Axelin A, Niela-Vilén H. ‘Breastfeeding exclusivity, difficulties, and support in the first days after hospital discharge: A correlational study’. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2024;296:76-82. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.029

Äitien näkemyksiä imetysohjauksesta ja -tuesta synnytyssairaalasta kotiutumisen jälkeen – Tietosuojaseloste (pdf)

Women's health

The aim of this  project is to develop future solutions for assessing and monitoring family centered care related concepts and outcomes in research and knowledge translation. This work will involve systematic reviews of the currently used research measures, IT solutions and monitoring systems. These reviews and empirical evidence will provide the basis for the development of new innovative IT tools.

IOT4HEALTH

Health SciTech Group​

NewLife

Global Maternal and Child Health

Research projects focusing on global health aim to find effective ways to implement evidence based practice in low- and middle income settings to improve the care of families. The main research areas are peripartum care, neonatal care, children’s pain management and adolescent’s mental health. Implmentation science is the methodological framework for the conducted studies. The research is done in collaboration with:

Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Uppsala, Sweden

Uppsala Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability

Golden Community, Nepal

Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

MEGA Building capacity by implementing mhGAP, mobile intervention in SADC countries

Family and Infant Centered Perinatal Care

Focus is to further explore the continuum from maternity care through labor and delivery to neonatal care to develop evidence for the best possible care for families. Aim is to identify barriers and facilitators to collaboration among families and health care professionals and develop interventions and implementation strategies to overcome identified barriers, using IT where appropriate.

The following research projects are part of this effort:

SCENE is a multi-disciplinary group of international professionals that aims to improve parents’ and infants’ experiences and outcomes of neonatal care. The focus of the SCENE collaboration is to undertake research into how and why parent-infant physical and emotional closeness varies in neonatal units, within and between countries; the short- and long-term effects of closeness and separation on infants, parents and the infant-parent dyad; as well as how to optimise parental and infant health and wellbeing.

A key goal of the SCENE collaboration is to identify, construct, implement and evaluate best practice to support physical and emotional parent-infant closeness during neonatal care

SCENE Research

The goal of the Close Collaboration with Parents Training Program is to develop family centered care culture on the unit level by training all of the nurses, doctors, and other staff of a neonatal intensive care unit. The research evaluates both immediate and long-term effect of the Close Collaboration with Parents Training Program from the perspectives of child, parents, and staff.

The Close Collaboration with Parents Training Program
Vanhemmat Vahvasti Mukaan koulutusohjelma

The aim of the COUSIN study is to identify and establish an internationally endorsed Core Outcome Set for family-centred care practices in neonatal care. The Core Outcome Set which will include a set of recommended outcome measures shall advance research in the field and optimise clinical practice. Through active engagement of all relevant stakeholders, including parents and former patients, as well as healthcare professionals, the inclusive nature of the proposed work will help ensure uptake of the Core Outcome Set and implementation of family-centred care practices in neonatal intensive care.

COUSIN study: developing a Core OUtcome Set and outcome measures of family-centred care In Neonatal care

Principal Investigators

Hannakaisa Niela-Vilén Senior Researcher
Anna Axelin Professor

Research personnel

PhD candidates

Ongoing supervision of a PhD candidate’s doctoral thesis

Rita Ferreira Leal, RN, Nurse-Midwife, MSc: “The development of a predictive model for breastfeeding duration”.

Katja Antila, PHN, MHSc: “Developing a national guideline for equitable breastfeeding support”.

Ongoing supervision of a PhD candidate’s doctoral thesis

Emma Kainiemi, RM, MNSc, Parental wellbeing and parenting support across the care continuum for preterm infants.

Carita Löfqvist, Planned Napping for Nurses during Intensive Care Night Shifts.

Hanna-Kaisa Pellikka, The parents’ and professionals’ shared responsibility for decision making for the care of infant in neonatal intensive care.

Susanna Likitalo, Moving perinatal care from hospital to home with the help of remote technology.

Jenni Komulainen, Relapse prevention using Integrated Early Warning Signs Prediction and in Time Care for Patients with Severe Mental Health Disorders.

Kemeng Che, Towards an Intelligent and Inclusive Conversational Health Agent: A Systemic Approach to Mental Health Promotion Among Finnish Higher Education Students.

Asma Hatoqai, Mental Health Literacy in Relation to Artificial Intelligence Use: Redefining Concepts with Young Adults.

Ongoing co-supervision of a PhD candidate

Michella Runge Kjøbeløv Bjerregaard, RN, MScs, A contextual first step towards couplet care in neonatal intensive care units – Insights into neonatal practice to inform future implementation, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Pyrola Bäcke, Cooled in a warmer sense? Wellbeing and closeness in infants treated with therapeutically hypothermed and the family around, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Yuning Wang, Mental Health Assessment using multi-modal sensing and Artificial Intelligence, Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Technology, UTU, FIN & UCI, USA.

Ajdar Ullah, Doctor of Science (Technology), Major subject: Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Technology, UTU, Finland.

Yifan Sun, Wearable Technologies for Personalising Perinatal Mental Health Monitoring and False Biofeedback-based Intervention, Faculty of Technology, UTU, Finland.

PhD candidates supervised up to the defence of the candidate’s doctoral thesis

Joonas Korhonen, RN, MNSc, PhD, Mental Health Literacy in Sub-Saharan African Primary Healthcare, 2025.

Sofia Arwehed: TO HOME Exploring the transition home for very preterm born infants and their parents, 2025.

Johanna Saarikko, RM, MNSc, PhD,  Supporting weight management of pregnant women with overweight: Wearable Internet-of-Things intervention, 2025.

Tiina Putkuri, MNSc, PhD, School nurse as a provider of mental health support – Reflections on current practices and visions for the future, 2024.

Mariaana Mäki-Asiala, RN, MNSc, PhD, Interprofessional collaboration: improving the quality of pain management for neonates, University of Oulu, Finland, 2024.

Fatemeh Sarhaddi, Continuous IoT-based maternal monitoring: system design, evaluation, opportunities, and challenges, 2024.

Jennifer Auxier, MNSc, PhD, Supporting patient engagement through IoT Technology in maternity care, 2023.

Mirka Toivonen, RN,  PhD, Towards family-centered care in NICUs: Changing the care culture and unit design, 2021.

Abigail Kusi Amponsah, RN, PhD, Development of a pediatric pain educational program for nurses in a resource-limited setting​, 2020.

Simo Raiskila, MD, PhD, Parent-infant closeness and family centered care in neonatal intensive care, 2018.

Graduated

Iina Ryhtä, physiotherapist, MNSc, The role of physical activity in maternal health – Effectiveness of physical activity on urinary incontinence and quality of life during the perinatal period.

Jaana Lojander, RM, MNSc, PhD: Maternal Perspectives on Postnatal Breastfeeding Support: Integrating Perceptions for a Mother-Friendly Ten Steps Framework, 2025.

Heli Mäkelä, RM, MNSc, PhD: Kohti perhelähtöisyyttä vastasyntyneiden hoidossa: Vauvamyönteisyysohjelman käyttöönotto, 2025.